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Safer Childbirth, Longer Lifespan Among New Benefits in Tibet (07/11/03)
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Then 101-year-old Yuzin woke up to find warm
sunlight coming through the windows of her room, she rose to
wash up and have breakfast. After that, she made a
small pot of buttered tea and carried it on a ritual walk
around the Buddha pagoda in the village. As a matter
of fact, Yuzin is one of 116 Tibetans aged over 100 in the
Tibet Autonomous Region. In 1991, there were 57
centenarians in the region. In China, 6.4 of every 1
million people are aged over 100, according to the latest
national census. But in this region, the rate is
higher, 44 out of every million. Most Tibetan
centenarians lead an independent life and still do some
physical labor. Despite the hardships they have lived
through, they remain optimistic about life. Of the
centenarians in Tibet, most are illiterate, and the majority
are women. "The Tibetans are enjoying better
health, and as a result many can now live more than 100
years," said Galsang, a research fellow with the Tibet
Academy of Social Sciences. The average lifespan
among Tibetans has risen from 36 years in the mid-20th
century to 67 years today, Galsang said. Their longer
lifespan is the result of improved medical care, according
to Galsang. Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet in
1951, the central government has earmarked more than 1.8
billion yuan (US$216 million) to develop medical services in
the region. Most of the rural villages have set up
co-operative medical outposts, and the allowances the
central government gives farmers and herds people each year
for medical treatment total more than 20 million yuan
(US$2.41 million). Midwives were in huge demand when
women gave birth in the past, but today an increasing number
of expectant mothers are choosing to give birth in
hospitals. Cering Degyi, 26, lives in Zongba Village,
Gyangdang Township, Xigaze Prefecture. The village is some
40 kilometers from the China-Nepal Highway, a distance that
takes five to six hours to walk. Going to Xigaze
involves a bus ride of more than two hours. Cering
Degyi was happy to give birth to her child recently in a
hospital in Xigaze. For her efforts, she was awarded a
subsidy of 20 yuan (US$2.4) and a set of clothes for her
infant. The villagers who helped to send her to the hospital
were also awarded 10 yuan (US$1.2) per person. "My mother gave birth to five children, one of
whom died immediately after birth," Cering Degyi said. Hindered by poor road conditions or access to
motorways, many women chose to give birth at home. "Incessant bleeding after birth caused many
women who gave birth at home to die in the past," said
Cegar, an official with the Health Commission of the Tibet
Autonomous Region. At present, there are 104
hospitals in the region, and seven prefectures and cities
have set up health clinics for women and infants. To
make it possible for the expectant mothers to give birth in
hospitals, Cegar and her colleagues have organized
hand-tractors to transport them there. "This
helps increase the rate of safe births," Cegar said. Statistics show 22.74 percent of women now go to
hospital to give birth, 20 percent higher than 10 years ago.
And the mortality rate during childbirth has dropped from
500 per 10,000 in 1959 to 23 per 10,000 today. As well, the
infant mortality rate has dropped from 430 per 1,000 in 1959
to 31 per 1,000 at present. Dexing, a 47-year-old
female farmer in Nedong County, has given birth to 13
children. "I didn't expect to have so many
children," she said. At present, Tibetan
families have an average of three to four children, with
five or more among the nomadic families. In cities in
the region, many people have already embraced the idea of
family planning. Cering Norbu, 31 and working with
the local government, is the only child in his family who
has received a college education. He and his wife
have decided to have only one child. "We are
very busy and so have no time to take care of a second
one," Cering Norbu said. Farmers and herders
have also learned about family planning, but they demand
more specific services, according to an official with the
region's Family Planning Commission. She and her
colleagues have been traveling to the rural areas and
prairies to offer medical assistance, such as delivering
condoms to the farmers and herders when they need them. Urbanization Meanwhile, another change among
the Tibetans is that many are beginning to accept the idea
of living in towns or cities. Buqion, a farmer in
Gongbogyangda in the eastern part of the region, operates a
store in Sumdo Town which is close to National Highway No
308. He sells beef soup and pancakes to passers-by,
and makes a net profit of 500-1,000 yuan (US$60-120) a
month. He has moved from a rural village to the town. "There are five people in my family and we used
to live in a low-lying adobe house," he said.
"Here in the town, we now have a better house." In Nyingchi, there are 110,000 farmers and herders,
making up 90 percent of the prefecture's population. In recent years, the prefectural government has
invested more than 60 million yuan (US$7.2 million) to build
10 towns along the region's highways. With government
aid, houses were built, and each of the 5,000 households
that moved there were given 10,000 yuan (US$1,207) as
start-up funds for the relocation. Thus, some 1,500 farmers
and herders have moved from the region's mountainous areas
to these towns. Today, of the 2.6 million people in
the region, 18.9 percent of the total, or 495,300
inhabitants now live in cities and towns.
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